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Slave ship
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially converted for the purpose of transporting slaves, especially newly captured African slaves to the Americas.
==Atlantic slave trade==
Only a few decades after the arrival of Europeans to America,〔http://www.historycentral.com/Indians/Before.html〕〔https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FItlStGMY4〕 demand for unpaid labor to work plantations made slave-trading a profitable business. The peak time of slave ships to the Atlantic passage was between the 18th and 19th centuries, when large plantations developed in the colonies of America.
In order to achieve profit, the owners of the ships divided their hulls into holds with little headroom, so they could transport as many slaves as possible. Unhygienic conditions, dehydration, dysentery and scurvy led to a high mortality rate, on average 15%〔Mancke, Elizabeth and Shammas, Carole. ''The Creation of the British Atlantic World''. 2005, page 30-1〕 and up to a third of captives. Often the ships, also known as Guineamen, transported hundreds of slaves, who were chained tightly to plank beds. For example, the slave ship ''Henrietta Marie'' carried about 200 slaves on the long Middle Passage. They were confined to cargo holds with each slave chained with little room to move.
The most significant routes of the slave ships led from the north-western and western coasts of Africa to South America and the south-east coast of what is today the United States, and the Caribbean. As many as 20 million Africans were transported by ship. The transportation of slaves from Africa to America was known as the Middle Passage.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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